Ama-polyurethanes asetshenziswa kabanzi ekusetshenzisweni kwe-biomedical njengesikhumba sokwenziwa, okokulala esibhedlela, amashubhu e-dialysis, izingxenye ze-pacemaker, ama-catheter, nezingubo zokuhlinzwa.I-biocompatibility, izakhiwo zemishini, kanye nezindleko eziphansi yizici ezinkulu empumelelweni ye-polyurethanes emkhakheni wezokwelapha.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwezimila ngokuvamile kudinga okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezingxenye ze-biobased, ngoba umzimba uyawenqaba kancane.Endabeni ye-polyurethanes, i-biocomponent ingahluka kusuka ku-30 ​​kuya ku-70%, okudala ububanzi obubanzi bokusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinjalo (2).Ama-biobased polyurethanes andisa isabelo sawo semakethe futhi kulindeleke ukuthi afinyelele cishe ezigidini ezingama-$42 ngo-2022, okuyiphesenti elincane lemakethe ye-polyurethane iyonke (ngaphansi kuka-0.1%).Noma kunjalo, iyindawo ethembisayo, futhi ucwaningo olunzulu lusaqhubeka mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezinto eziningi ezisekelwe ku-bio-based kuma-polyurethanes.Ukuthuthukiswa kuyadingeka ezimpahleni ze-biobased polyurethanes ukuze kufane nezidingo ezikhona, ukuze kukhuliswe ukutshalwa kwezimali.

I-Biobased crystalline polyurethane yahlanganiswa ngokusabela kwe-PCL, i-HMDI, namanzi adlala indima ye-chain extender (33).Ukuhlolwa kokuwohloka kwenziwa ukuze kufundwe ukuzinza kwe-biopolyurethane oketshezini olulingiswayo lomzimba, njengengxube ye-phosphate-buffered saline.Izinguquko

ezindaweni ezishisayo, zemishini, nezomzimba zahlaziywa futhi zaqhathaniswa nezilinganayo

i-polyurethane etholakala ngokusebenzisa i-ethylene glycol njenge-chain extender esikhundleni samanzi.Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi i-polyurethane etholwe kusetshenziswa amanzi njenge-chain extender yethula izakhiwo ezingcono ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uma iqhathaniswa nokulingana kwayo ne-petrochemical.Lokhu akunciphi kakhulu kuphela

izindleko zenqubo, kodwa futhi inikeza umzila olula wokuthola izinto zokwelapha ezinenani elikhulu ezifanele ama-endoprostheses ahlangene (33).Lokhu kwalandelwa enye indlela esekelwe kulo mqondo, eyahlanganisa i-biopolyurethane urea ngokusebenzisa i-polyol esekelwe kuwoyela we-rapeseed, i-PCL, i-HMDI, kanye namanzi njenge-chain extender (6).Ukwandisa indawo engaphezulu, i-sodium chlorine yasetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa i-porosity yama-polymers alungisiwe.I-polymer ehlanganisiwe yayisetshenziswa njenge-scaffold ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esinezimbotshana ukuze ikhuthaze ukukhula kweseli kwezicubu zethambo.Ngemiphumela efanayo uma kuqhathaniswa

esibonelweni sangaphambilini, i-polyurethane evezwe oketshezini olulingiswayo lomzimba yethule ukuzinza okuphezulu, ihlinzeka ngenketho esebenzayo yokufakwa kwe-scaffold.Ama-polyurethane ionomers angelinye ikilasi elithakazelisayo lama-polymers asetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa kwe-biomedical, ngenxa yokuvumelana kwawo kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nokusebenzelana okufanele nendawo yomzimba.I-polyurethane ionomers ingasetshenziswa njengezingxenye zeshubhu kuma-pacemaker kanye ne-hemodialysis (34, 35).

Ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo olusebenzayo lokulethwa kwezidakamizwa kuyindawo yocwaningo ebalulekile okwamanje egxile ekutholeni izindlela zokubhekana nomdlavuza.I-amphiphilic nanoparticle ye-polyurethane esekelwe ku-L-lysine yalungiselelwa ukulethwa kwezidakamizwa (36).Lokhu nanocarrier

ilayishwe ngempumelelo i-doxorubicin, okuwumuthi wokwelapha osebenzayo wamangqamuzana omdlavuza (Umfanekiso 16).Izingxenye ze-hydrophobic ze-polyurethane zihlangene nomuthi, futhi izingxenye ze-hydrophilic zisebenzisana namaseli.Lolu hlelo ludale isakhiwo segobolondo eliwumgogodla ngokuzihlanganisa

indlela futhi yakwazi ukuletha izidakamizwa ngempumelelo ngemizila emibili.Okokuqala, impendulo eshisayo ye-nanoparticle isebenze njengesiqalo ekukhipheni umuthi ekushiseni kweseli lomdlavuza (~41-43 °C), okuyimpendulo engaphandle kweseli.Okwesibili, izingxenye ze-aliphatic ze-polyurethane zahlupheka

i-enzymatic biodegradation ngesenzo sama-lysosomes, okuvumela ukuthi i-doxorubicin ikhishwe ngaphakathi kweseli lomdlavuza;lokhu kuyimpendulo ye-intracellular.Ngaphezu kuka-90% wamangqamuzana omdlavuza webele abulawa, kuyilapho i-cytotoxicity ephansi igcinwe kumaseli anempilo.

Umfanekiso 16. Uhlelo lulonke lwesistimu yokulethwa kwezidakamizwa esekelwe ku-amphiphilic polyurethane nanoparticle

ukukhomba amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ikhiqizwe kabusha ngemvume evela kunkomba(36).Copyright 2019 American Chemical

Umphakathi.

Isimemezelo:Isihloko sicashunwe kusoIsingeniso sePolyurethane ChemistryFelipe M. de Souza, 1 Pawan K. Kahol, 2 kanye noRam K.Gupta *,1.Ukuxhumana nokufunda kuphela, ungenzi ezinye izinjongo zezohwebo, akumele imibono nemibono yenkampani, uma udinga ukuphrinta kabusha, sicela uxhumane nomlobi wokuqala, uma kukhona ukwephulwa, sicela usithinte ngokushesha ukuze wenze ukucubungula ukususa.